<i>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)</i> is a gram-negative bacterium that causes chronic inflammation in the stomach and duodenum, which can develop into gastric ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Infection with <i>H. pylori </i>is the strongest known risk factor for gastric cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is estimated that up to 50% of the world’s population is infected with <i>H. pylori</i> but are asymptomatic. Diagnosis is by a urea breath test, molecular detection, or rapid antigen stool assays.